Nanny Town was a village in the Blue Mountains of Portland Parish, north-eastern Jamaica, used as a stronghold by Granny Nanny; the town held out against repeated British attacks before being
destroyed in 1734.[1]
Granny Nanny was born in Ghana, West Africa, as a member of the Ashanti tribe, part of the Akan people. She was enslaved and brought to Jamaica. Experiencing the cruel treatment of slaves on
the Jamaican plantations, she and her five brothers, Cudjoe, Accompong, Johnny, Cuffy and Quao decided to join the autonmous African community of Maroons. This community originated from people formerly enslaved by the Spanish, who had refused to submit to British control. This community developed
as many more slaves escaped the plantations and joined the Maroons. By the time of the First Maroon War, the newly run away slaves were also known as Maroons.
Nanny's family then made the decision to split up in order to be able
to organize better resistance to the plantation economy across Jamaica than was possible if they stuck together. Cudjoe went
to Clarendon where he was soon joined by about a hundred Maroons from Cottawood,
while Accompong went to St. Elizabeth, while Nanny and Quao made their way to Portland.
By 1720, Nanny and Quao had organized and gained control of this town of Maroons
located in the Blue Mountains. It was around this time that the town was given the title of Nanny Town. Nanny town encompased
more than 600 acres (2.4 kmē) of land for the run away slaves to live as well as raise animals and grow crops. Due to
the town being led by Nanny and Quao, it was organized very similar to a typical Ashanti tribe in Africa.
The Maroons were able to survive on the mountains by sending traders
to the cities to exchange food for weapons and cloth. The Maroons were also known for raiding plantations for weapons and
food, burning the plantation, and leading the slaves back to Nanny Town.
Nanny town was an excellent location for a stronghold due to it overlooking
Stony River via a 900 foot ridge making a surprise attack by the British virtually
impossible. The Maroons at Nanny town also organized look-outs for such an attack as well as designated warriors who could
be summoned by the sound of a horn called an Abeng.
Granny Nanny was very adept at organizing plans to free slaves. Over
the span of 50 years, Nanny has been credited with freeing over 800 slaves. Nanny also helped these slaves remain free and
healthy due to her vast knowledge of herbs and her role as a spiritual leader. However, freeing slaves upset the British very
much. Between 1728 and 1734, Nanny town was attacked by the British time and time again, but not
once was it harmed. This was accomplished due to the Maroons being much more skilled in fighting in an area of high rainfall
as well as disguising themselves as bushes and trees. The Maroons also utilized decoys to trick the British into a surprise
attack. This was done by having non disguised Maroons run out into view of the British and then run in the direction of the
fellow Maroons who were disguised, thus crushing the British time and time again.
